All analysis is based on publicly available data (which is not directly shared due to the respective user agreements). To reproduce figures in the paper:

Figure 1: Download ANES files (https://electionstudies.org/data-center/) and run ANES.R
Figure 2: Download BES files (https://www.britishelectionstudy.com/data/#.YrDbj3bMIQ8) and run BES.R
Figure 3: Download TTS 2014 files (https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36138.v1) and run TTS.R
Figure 4: Download Eurobarometer 2019 91.5 files (https://dbk.gesis.org/dbksearch/sdesc2.asp?no=7576&db=e&notabs=1) and run Eurobarometer.R

Figure A1: Download VSG files (https://www.voterstudygroup.org/data/voter-survey) and run VSG.R
Figures A2 and A3: Download CCES 2016 files (https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/GDF6Z0) and run CCES.R
Figure A4: Download ISCAP files (https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/CYISG1) and run ISCAP.R  